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          <p>这是我参与11月更文挑战的第12天，活动详情查看：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.cn/post/7023643374569816095/" title="https://juejin.cn/post/7023643374569816095/">2021最后一次更文挑战</a></p>
<h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>cli免不了需要手动运行一些命令，或者打印一些提示，或者做一些比较、字符处理等，社区里已经有了一些非常优秀的轮子，这篇文章便介绍这些小工具。</p>
<h2 id="命令"><a href="#命令" class="headerlink" title="命令"></a>命令</h2><p>cli常常需要运行一些命令，虽然nodejs也提供了 <code>child_process.spawn</code>，但是<a href="http://nodejs.cn%2Fapi%2Fchild_process.html%23spawning-bat-and-cmd-files-on-windows" title="http://nodejs.cn/api/child_process.html#spawning-bat-and-cmd-files-on-windows">有着跨平台的问题</a>,下面推荐几个更好的工具</p>
<h3 id="cross-spawn"><a href="#cross-spawn" class="headerlink" title="cross-spawn"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fmoxystudio%2Fnode-cross-spawn" title="https://github.com/moxystudio/node-cross-spawn">cross-spawn</a></h3><p><code>create-react-app</code>和<code>umi</code>都用了<code>cross-spawn</code>,api语法和<code>child_process.spawn</code>一样 同步用法</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const <span class="attr">spawn</span> = require(<span class="string">&quot;cross-spawn&quot;</span>)<span class="comment">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">const <span class="attr">result</span> = spawn.sync(<span class="string">&#x27;npm&#x27;</span>, [<span class="string">&#x27;list&#x27;</span>,  <span class="string">&#x27;-depth&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;0&#x27;</span>])<span class="comment">;</span></span><br><span class="line">console.log(result.output.join(&#x27;&#x27;))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>异步用法：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> child = <span class="title function_">spawn</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;npm&#x27;</span>, [<span class="string">&#x27;list&#x27;</span>,  <span class="string">&#x27;-depth&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;0&#x27;</span>]);</span><br><span class="line">child.<span class="property">stdout</span>.<span class="title function_">on</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;data&#x27;</span>, <span class="function">(<span class="params">data</span>) =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">`stdout: <span class="subst">$&#123;data&#125;</span>`</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="execa"><a href="#execa" class="headerlink" title="execa"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fsindresorhus%2Fexeca%23readme" title="https://github.com/sindresorhus/execa#readme">execa</a></h3><p><code>execa</code>和<code>cross-spawn</code>类似，它的特点是提供了<code>Promsie</code>支持，<code>@vue/cli</code>用的就是它。</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> execa = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;execa&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">(<span class="keyword">async</span> ()=&gt;&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">const</span> &#123;stdout&#125; = <span class="keyword">await</span> <span class="title function_">execa</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;find&#x27;</span>, [<span class="string">&quot;-name=*.js&quot;</span>]);</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(stdout);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="shelljs"><a href="#shelljs" class="headerlink" title="shelljs"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fshelljs%2Fshelljs" title="https://github.com/shelljs/shelljs">shelljs</a></h3><p>当需要运行一些linux命令,比如windows不支持的<code>find</code>命令，可以使用<code>shelljs</code></p>
<figure class="highlight lua"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var shell = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;shelljs&#x27;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">console.<span class="built_in">log</span>(shell.<span class="built_in">find</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;*.js&#x27;</span>).<span class="built_in">stdout</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>也可以直接用它执行命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">shell.exec(`<span class="built_in">cd</span> <span class="variable">$&#123;process.cwd()&#125;</span>/ &amp;&amp; yarn install`);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="输出"><a href="#输出" class="headerlink" title="输出"></a>输出</h2><p>类型明晰的log输出能让使用者更容易上手</p>
<h3 id="chalk"><a href="#chalk" class="headerlink" title="chalk"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fchalk%2Fchalk%23readme" title="https://github.com/chalk/chalk#readme">chalk</a></h3><p><code>create-react-app</code>中大量使用了<code>chalk</code>给log增加颜色</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="string">`    Only <span class="subst">$&#123;chalk.green(<span class="string">&#x27;&lt;project-directory&gt;&#x27;</span>)&#125;</span> is required.`</span></span><br><span class="line">     );</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>();</span><br><span class="line">     <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(</span><br><span class="line">       <span class="string">`    A custom <span class="subst">$&#123;chalk.cyan(<span class="string">&#x27;--scripts-version&#x27;</span>)&#125;</span> can be one of:`</span></span><br><span class="line">     );</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>类似的还有<a href="https://github.com%2FMarak%2Fcolors.js" title="https://github.com/Marak/colors.js">colors</a></p>
<h3 id="signale"><a href="#signale" class="headerlink" title="signale"></a>signale</h3><p>如果觉得在<code>console.log</code>里拼不同颜色的字符串太麻烦了，还有一款开箱即用的log工具<code>signale</code></p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">const <span class="attr">signale</span> = require(<span class="string">&quot;signale&quot;</span>)<span class="comment">;</span></span><br><span class="line"> signale.success(</span><br><span class="line">            `webpack配置已弹出，可自定义webpack配置，继续开发~`</span><br><span class="line">          )</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="./../imgs/47adc712f1a34ef79eaf2b5eb691bcdc.png" alt="default-loggers.png"></p>
<h3 id="ora"><a href="#ora" class="headerlink" title="ora"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fsindresorhus%2Fora%23readme" title="https://github.com/sindresorhus/ora#readme">ora</a></h3><p>一个展示loading的工具：</p>
<p><img src="./../imgs/3709d5cc20cd4f3b925887c5a9c72d51.png" alt="screenshot-2.gif"></p>
<p>v6.x版本后ora是<a href="https://gist.github.com%2Fsindresorhus%2Fa39789f98801d908bbc7ff3ecc99d99c" title="https://gist.github.com/sindresorhus/a39789f98801d908bbc7ff3ecc99d99c">pure ESM</a>的，node版本高于12.2，并且以<code>import</code>引入</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">import ora from &#x27;ora&#x27;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">const <span class="attr">spinner</span> = ora(<span class="string">&#x27;Loading unicorns&#x27;</span>).start()<span class="comment">;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">setTimeout(() =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	<span class="attr">spinner.color</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;yellow&#x27;</span><span class="comment">;</span></span><br><span class="line">	<span class="attr">spinner.text</span> = <span class="string">&#x27;Loading rainbows&#x27;</span><span class="comment">;</span></span><br><span class="line">	setTimeout(()=&gt;&#123;</span><br><span class="line">		spinner.succeed(&#x27;success&#x27;)</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;,1000)</span><br><span class="line">&#125;, 1000)<span class="comment">;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="工具"><a href="#工具" class="headerlink" title="工具"></a>工具</h2><h3 id="semver"><a href="#semver" class="headerlink" title="semver"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fnpm%2Fnode-semver%23readme" title="https://github.com/npm/node-semver#readme">semver</a></h3><p>版本比较工具，比如用来检测cli版本或node版本</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> semver = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;semver&#x27;</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">semver.<span class="title function_">valid</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;1.2.3&#x27;</span>) <span class="comment">// &#x27;1.2.3&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">semver.<span class="title function_">valid</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;a.b.c&#x27;</span>) <span class="comment">// null</span></span><br><span class="line">semver.<span class="title function_">clean</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;  =v1.2.3   &#x27;</span>) <span class="comment">// &#x27;1.2.3&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">semver.<span class="title function_">satisfies</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;1.2.3&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;1.x || &gt;=2.5.0 || 5.0.0 - 7.2.3&#x27;</span>) <span class="comment">// true</span></span><br><span class="line">semver.<span class="title function_">gt</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;1.2.3&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;9.8.7&#x27;</span>) <span class="comment">// false</span></span><br><span class="line">semver.<span class="title function_">lt</span>(<span class="string">&#x27;1.2.3&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;9.8.7&#x27;</span>) <span class="comment">// true</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="change-case"><a href="#change-case" class="headerlink" title="change-case"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fblakeembrey%2Fchange-case" title="https://github.com/blakeembrey/change-case">change-case</a></h3><p>字符串转换工具，可以轻易地将字符转转换成各种命名格式，比如</p>
<figure class="highlight perl"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dotCase(<span class="string">&quot;test string&quot;</span>); </span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">//</span>=&gt; <span class="string">&quot;test.string&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">camelCase(<span class="string">&quot;test string&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"><span class="regexp">//</span>=&gt; <span class="string">&quot;testString&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="globby"><a href="#globby" class="headerlink" title="globby"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fsindresorhus%2Fglobby%23readme" title="https://github.com/sindresorhus/globby#readme">globby</a></h3><p>通配符匹配工具</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123;globby&#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;globby&#x27;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">(<span class="keyword">async</span> () =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">	const paths = <span class="keyword">await</span> globby(<span class="string">&#x27;images&#x27;</span>, &#123;</span><br><span class="line">		expandDirectories: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">			files: [<span class="string">&#x27;cat&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;unicorn&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;*.jpg&#x27;</span>],</span><br><span class="line">			extensions: [<span class="string">&#x27;png&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line">		&#125;</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">	console.log(paths);</span><br><span class="line">	//=&gt; [<span class="string">&#x27;cat.png&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;unicorn.png&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;cow.jpg&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;rainbow.jpg&#x27;</span>]</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="minimist"><a href="#minimist" class="headerlink" title="minimist"></a><a href="https://github.com%2Fsubstack%2Fminimist" title="https://github.com/substack/minimist">minimist</a></h3><p>解析命令参数和选项的便捷工具</p>
<figure class="highlight ini"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">var <span class="attr">argv</span> = require(<span class="string">&#x27;minimist&#x27;</span>)(process.argv.slice(<span class="number">2</span>))<span class="comment">;</span></span><br><span class="line">console.log(argv)<span class="comment">;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="string">$</span> <span class="string">node</span> <span class="string">example/parse.js</span> <span class="string">-x</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="string">-y</span> <span class="number">4</span> <span class="string">-n5</span> <span class="string">-abc</span> <span class="string">--beep=boop</span> <span class="string">foo</span> <span class="string">bar</span> <span class="string">baz</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123; <span class="attr">_:</span> [ <span class="string">&#x27;foo&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;bar&#x27;</span>, <span class="string">&#x27;baz&#x27;</span> ],</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">x:</span> <span class="number">3</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">y:</span> <span class="number">4</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">n:</span> <span class="number">5</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">a:</span> <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">b:</span> <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">c:</span> <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">beep:</span> <span class="string">&#x27;boop&#x27;</span> &#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>以上就是cli开发过程中比较常用的几个小工具，后续将一步步介绍如何开发一个cli。</p>

        
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